Friday, April 4, 2014

BLOG # 14 Hinoki International School

I went to visit Hinoki International School, a Japanese immersion program in Livonia for the day. I was happy to hear back from the Dean of Students finally! The lead Japanese speaking teacher has been on sick leave, returning this week. 

I began a journey of research when I first heard about Waldorf Education in a class at OU while studying for a bachelor degree. I signed up for a tour of the Rochester Hills and Ann Arbor Waldorf Schools. I gathered so much inspiration and ideas! That visit led me to the knowledge of Upland Hills School in Lake Orion which focuses on working with the environment and science. Making new connections there led me to visit Reggio Emilia, Montessori, and Roeper schools. When I worked for a charter school, I advocated for the option of being able to visit a school for the day to be counted as professional development. It is an invaluable teaching resource to observe and gather information from surroundings and people. It is now a new experience for me to visit partial and total second language immersion schools. All of these experiences along with finishing a master's in Early Childhood Education have helped me with finding consultant jobs that will involve me visiting schools, mentoring, and making sure that programs such as those that focus on reading, are being implemented effectively.  

The Hinoki International School is located in a residential neighborhood in Livonia. It is owned by the Michigan Japanese Education Foundation charter but it moving over into becoming a part of the Livonia School District. It opened up four years ago with just a Kindergarten. Currently, the school is composed of K-3rd grade. As the students move up in grade, a large Kindergarten forms every year.  The Kindergarten class has 47 students and three teachers, two of which speak fluent Japanese. Each table is assigned a color which is also written in Japanese. The children's name tags include their name also written in Japanese. Orange is oranjee :)


The morning is spent with both classes mingling in a large room. They spend their morning immersed in the Japanese curriculum which involves play and creativity. Some tables are set up as centers; the children are free to participate and leave as they please. Some activities include drawing, playing with blocks, and decorating a tree with paper cranes. It was interesting to see that all of the children are required to purchase oil pastels to keep in their supply box. The students shared all of their supplies willingly and kindly. I didn't see any kind of arguing over any class or student supplies during the whole day. They use them for Japanese style drawing and art lessons, especially in the older grades. I watched some children use half of a pastel on one picture :-/ The children gathered on the carpet and did some syllable work. The teacher directed a clapping game using their names. The children counted the number of syllables they heard in each name using their fingers. They also used their fingers to count each syllable and enunciate each one as they taught me new Japanese words! These are all the words that the children taught me!! I was impressed with their ease, confidence, and ability in counting syllables! 


After this morning activity, the room is divided into two rooms by a sliding door. One half of the class listened to a story, made a list of words beginning on "c", and worked on a worksheet (tracing and practicing writing a sentence with "c's). The teacher asked them to sit in a "pretzel" or a "rice ball" while sitting on the carpet. The other half of the class had a 45 minute Japanese lesson. The teacher spoke only Japanese and told them story about three birds flying up to tree branches. All of the children listened intently. Japanese is such a pleasant sounding language that is calming, gentle, and flows like a song. An art activity followed. The teacher walked around speaking only Japanese. 

During snack time and lunch time, the teachers play the piano! The children were calmly sitting, singing along, and raising their hands to volunteer. All of the children participated and were very joyfully involved. The idea of "singing helpers" was a great idea - children are chosen to stand next to the piano and sing along with the teacher. The class sang "The Wheels on the Bus" and a song in Japanese. Throughout the day, the teacher would go up to the piano and play three ascending notes to get the children's attention. This was pleasant and effective. 


Language Arts
The Japanese language is evident all around the classroom. There are Japanese and English books available in the class library. 



The English and Japanese alphabets are displayed on the wall. The Japanese alphabet that the students learn to recognize and write first is called Hiragana. The other two alphabets they learn are called Katakana and Kangi (which is tricky and is actually Chinese, the students told me). 



Some items such as the desk, were labeled in both English and Japanese. I think they were the nouns required to know how to read and write by the end of Japanese because the Word Wall also included these nouns. 



The native Japanese students also attend Saturday Japanese school. These students are still learning how to read and write in English. The native English speakers are able to read Kindergarten level books in Japanese! I asked the class to count in Japanese for me! Most of them counted up to 30 but some continued to count past 100! 

Wednesday, March 26, 2014

BLOG #13 Abstract

Malgosia Kopczynski
Prodigy26@aol.com

Abstract

Key Findings of Research
Current research shows that child's executive function benefits from maintaining a balance of knowledge of two languages. Bilingual children have metalinguistic awareness and the ability to use code switching. 

Action Plan Goals 
My goal in conducting a survey "A Balanced Approach to Bilingualism" was to gather views and information about how to maintain a child's mother tongue or second language. Bilingualism consists of an equal balance of knowledge of two languages. In order for children to learn, maintain, and advance a second language, a substantial amount of time and effort by families and children has to be invested. I also wanted to learn about the concerns and frustrations that parents and children have regarding learning a second language. My goal was to involve a hundred people who were a part of a Polish community, a German partial immersion school, a French total immersion school, and out of state bilingual friends. I sought out to learn what challenges and hopes are involved with teaching and learning a second language. I wanted to know what thinking processes, habits, and activities of effective and successful bilingual families are. My personal goal was to become a more knowledgeable and resourceful teacher.

Results
  • 59% of fathers speak a second language, 11 in total as a group
  • 72% of mothers speak a second language, 9 in total as a group
  • 67% of children speak a second language, 12 in total as a group
  • 72% of grandparents speak a second language, 14 in total as a group
  • 9 dominant languages spoken at home, as a group
  • All survey participants were interested in their child becoming bilingual
  • bilingual children choose to speak English with their parents, siblings, and friends but choose to speak a language other than English with their grandparents
  • Second Language School and Scouting were the most popular bilingual activities 
  • 62% of parents said that their child studies a second language at school
  • Spanish, French, and German were the top three languages studied at school
  • 61% of people said their child studies a second language more than 3 times per week at school
Implications 
When searching for or forming a quality second language program it is important to consider a child's interest in learning games and songs, celebrating cultural traditions, participating in interactive and engaging activities, learning about the culture, and technology use. Existing second language programs would benefit from increasing class time to three times a week, allowing for the possibility of becoming fluent by presenting students with the same language exposure for their entire elementary school career, and incorporating learning a second language throughout the day and across the curriculum. Other beneficial ideas include hiring bilingual teachers, involving parents to share their language and culture, and advocating for the importance of learning other languages. 
Use two languages from the start. Many children grow up learning two languages at the same time. Involve your children in bilingual activities. Give your child many opportunities to hear and practice using both languages in everyday situations.



Resources



Web sites
Youtube 
Babbel.com
Google Translate
Libratus.edu.pl
lilutoteach.weebly.com
duolingo.com
livemocha.com
http://www.nabe.org/ (National Association for Bilingual Education)
http://www.reading.org/ (International Reading Association)
http://www.frantastique.com/partner/adw-7days
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/

http://english.cri.cn/08chinese/  (Chinese)
http://www.chinese-tools.com/


http://www.learn-japanese.info/ (Japanese)

http://www.deutsch-lernen.com/ (German)

http://italian.about.com/ (Italian)
http://www.elanguageschool.net/italian

http://www.skritter.com/ (Chinese and Japanese)

http://www.eflclassroom.com/ (English language learning)

http://www.lingq.com/ (all languages)
http://lang-8.com/
http://www.italki.com/


Immersion schools

http://www.frenchschoolofdetroit.org/ (French total immersion)

https://sites.google.com/site/hinokiinternational/home (Japanese total immersion)

http://www.oaklandsteiner.org/ (eight years of German classes offered)

http://www.icschools.org/ (eight years of Ukrainian classes offered)


BLOG #12 Technology

Since technology plays a big part in education, I wanted to ask parents for their input about technology and/or web sites that are a part of their child's second language learning at home and at school. I was surprised to see that more technology is being used at home. I was fortunate to teach at a school that purchased Rosetta Stone for the entire school. I had access to all languages! My students were given a password and were able to log into Rosetta Stone at home. They were also encouraged to share the password with their family in order to involve their families in their language learning. 

Learning a second technology at home is easier today than it was when I was growing up. Technology can be taken with you on trips and used when you have time. Internet access while traveling and being away from home also makes it easier to be able to login into a language learning web site or open up an app on your iphone, ipad, or Kindle.


Does your child use technology or web sites to learn a second language?



Home3551%
School3349%



Please list technology or web sites


Software 
Edmondo
Rosetta Stone
Mango


Apps
Flash card app
stories on ipad
apps on iphone

Hand held technology
Leapfrog

Web sites
Polish cartoons on Youtube 
Babbel.com
Google Translate
Libratus.edu.pl
lilutoteach.weebly.com
duolingo.com
livemocha.com
http://www.frantastique.com/partner/adw-7days
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/

http://english.cri.cn/08chinese/  (Chinese)
http://www.chinese-tools.com/

http://www.learn-japanese.info/ (Japanese)

http://www.deutsch-lernen.com/ (German)

http://italian.about.com/ (Italian)
http://www.elanguageschool.net/italian

http://www.skritter.com/ (Chinese and Japanese)

http://www.eflclassroom.com/ (English language learning)

http://www.lingq.com/ (all languages)
http://lang-8.com/
http://www.italki.com/

Television
Dora the Explorer
tv shows and cartoons in different languages


I researched all of these web sites and am impressed with the amount of free language lessons that you can receive! Many of the require you to sign up, receive a login, and pay for certain things. Some web sites, like the Japanese learning one, offer cultural and historical background of the country you will be studying. There are breath taking pictures and videos of landscapes and beauty that different countries have to offer. 



  

BLOG #11 Dispelling Myths

In my last blog, I mentioned some beliefs and myths that some people have about becoming bilingual. It can be difficult for parents to know what is truth and what is myth. One family shared an experience with  me that took place at their pediatrician's office. The mother took her two year old son for a check up. Her son has been exposed primarily to Polish so she was speaking to him in Polish during the visit. The pediatrician spoke English to the child while examining him. The pediatrician  advised her to stop speaking only Polish to her son and to switch over to English. The reasoning behind this was that this would prevent her child from being confused when he entered preschool. I italicized the word "pediatrician" because this is a person that we listen to, confide in, and accept advice from. I decided to do some research in finding a short but knowledgeable video that I could send to parents who have questions about some of these myths. 


Myths about dual language learning


Your child will become confused
More than half of the world population is bilinguals. In many parts of the world, people are trilingual. No one is confused learning multiple languages there. Circumstances it which multiple languages are learned may be confusing. Teaching multiple languages should be done in a structured, systematic and consistent way.

All children have the ability to differentiate between languages. Each language has a different sound and even 6 month old infants are able to distinguish between the switching of these sounds. Bilingual children are at an advantage because they have metalinguistic awareness. 

Your child will be delayed
There is no evidence to suggest that this is true. Bilingual and monolingual children gain language at the same rate. Bilingual children use code switching in order to interchange between languages. This process challenges their brains and therefore overcome any kind of language learning delays that they may have.


Bilinguals are less intelligent than monolinguals
Bilinguals may have a smaller bank of vocabulary words, making it hard for them to express themselves, explain, or describe something. After hearing a story in English, a bilingual child would be able to retell it in detail using his or her native language. 

Reducing to one language will increase your child's success
This may actually have a negative impact. It would cause a disruption when people would stop speaking the language that has been taken away when the child walked into the room. The child would feel that he can't fit in or associate himself with the culture of the family. It would negatively impact the child socially and emotionally.


The link below will take you to an 9 minute video interview that dispells myths about bilingualism.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVYhpCprtzQ&feature=youtu.be

BLOG #10 Concerns, Frustrations and Hopes


Including constructive response questions in my survey provided me with valuable insights into how children and parents view bilingualism. Parents put a lot of thought into their answers and I really appreciated this! I was also excited to see parents involve their children in the survey by asking what their concerns and frustrations their children may have.  

PARENTS

What concerns or frustrations, if any, do you have about your child learning a second language?


I hope... 

  •  my child will be able to continue studying a second language in high school and college
  •  my spouse will learn the language so that we can both speak to our children
  •  my child doesn't forget her mother tongue
  •  my child will be able to read literature that I read when I was younger 
  •  my child can become fluent
  •  my child remain fluent throughout her whole life


Questions

  • Will my child be able to differentiate between the languages if we teach him multiple languages at the same time?
  • What are some additional resources that we can use in learning, teaching, and maintaining a second language?
  • Why does my child mix languages when speaking?
  • Why does my child start telling a story in her mother tongue and then continues with English only?


Obstacles in Maintaining Children's Bilingualism
  • parents need more resources to help them teach their children a second language. Exposing children to a language that the husband or wife knows, but the spouse, doesn't, makes it difficult to practice. 
  • in middle school, language teachers are not proficient in the language that they teach the students
  • my child is lazy!
  • parents find it difficult to practice the language that their child is learning in school because they are not familiar with it
  • lack of time to practice 
  • drive time to bilingual activities is far
  • creating an environment that is conducive to speaking a second language
  • both parents don't share the same knowledge of languages other than English
  • Rosetta Stone is too expensive
  • my child answers me in English
  • scheduling issues with bilingual activities
  • languages are not offered at school
  • too much academic pressure
  • my child chooses to speak English with his friends and siblings
  • there is pressure from other children to speak English instead of their mother tongue
  • my child has a hard time switching between two languages
  • It is easier for me to communicate in English with my children
  • the grammar and range of vocabulary is weaker with the language that is practice less 

Child's Resistance

  • lack of child's enthusiasm in learning/practicing second language
  • child has too much homework to be able to conquer second language homework
  • lack of will
  • lack of positive attitude

Keeping the Language Alive

  • Growing up, almost everyone I knew was bilingual and the children seemed to absorb the language organically. Today, I see children of new immigration than I, struggling. I would guess that the factor in the intense exposure to media where almost everything is in English. Children seem to drift away from their non-English language at a much earlier age than people of my generation did. 
  • daily practice
  • joining bilingual activities
  • speaking with parents, grandparents, siblings and friends
  • traveling
  • my child enjoys singing and talking in another language! 
  • we watch tv shows in our mother tongue
  • our child uses apps on iphone and ipad 
  • arranging play dates with friends who share the same language
  • we shop at ethnic stores and buy ethnic food and products

Staying Connected to Family and Culture

  • speaking with grandparents
  • understanding people when we travel to our home country
  • experiencing traditions in native language

Supplementing what schools don't offer

  • Not many schools offer German, and if they do, it is only an introductory level. 
  • Disappointment with switching to a new school that doesn't offer an in-depth language program. 

Partial and Total Immersion Programs

  • Parents voiced their concern about if adequate content coverage of Language Arts and Math would be covered in an immersion program. 
  • Most are expensive private schools

CHILDREN

What concerns or frustrations, if any, does your child have about learning a second language?


It's hard...

  • I have too much schoolwork
  • additional homework is no fun!
  • bilingual activities keep me to busy
  • when my friends don't speak the same languages as I do
  • to pronounce some words
  • to read and write
  • to speak but I understand a lot
  • it's just hard
  • to switch between languages
  • I don't like the language we are learning in school
  • to roll "r"
  • I don't understand all of the words
  • I can't speak Polish with my dad
I Like...
  • to speak different languages with my friends
  • my sister and I can keep secrets and make plans without anyone understand us
  • speaking French
  • to listen to people speak different languages
  • to have a lot of Polish friends

Before I even wrote up the survey, I anticipated people would respond to certain questions with hesitation. Before the "No Child Left Behind" Act, bilingual children were taken out of the classroom for various amounts of time spent in supplemental English lessons, missing class time, activities, and time spent with their classmates. One parent opened up to me and shared her experience with me. Her daughter was born in the United States but her primary language was Polish up until Kindergarten. Upon signing her daughter up for school, she had to fill out some paperwork. One question asked if English was the child's second language. She indicated "yes". The school enrolled her child in an ESL class with students who spoke no English. The teacher said that her daughter's English was not "at level". This experience has made her become cautious of answering questions fully and honestly. When she started filling out my survey, she paused at one of the first questions, "Do you, father, mother, children, and grandparents speak a language other than English"? She was debating whether or not she should just reply "no". I listened to her reasoning and reassured her that the survey needs accurate information in order for the results to be meaningful. I also told her that the survey is anonymous and will remain in a private group of readers. 

I was also weary of how people will respond to the open-ended questions dealing with concerns and frustrations of their child learning a second language. I know that some people and teachers still believe that learning a second language will negatively affect child development and language development. People also believe that their children might be stereotyped or treated differently. Some people also try not to speak their second language at home for numerous reasons. Some of these reasons include trying to assimilate into the American culture and to learn the English language better by speaking with their children (who often speak English more fluently than their parents). People that I conducted my survey with confided in me by telling me that they name their children American names that can be easily pronounced. Some people change their last names by shortening them or taking out unnecessary letters. Some children that I spoke with expressed their pride in being able to speak multiple languages. Some children shyly told me that they don't like speaking their mother tongue because their friends think it's weird and can't understand them, and in some cases, their accents. I wonder how this can be prevented? I wonder how some of these myths can be clarified. I think that this is possible through gaining factual knowledge and advocating the positive advantages of learning a second language. I think that exposing children, in school and at home, to different languages and cultures will make them more accepting, appreciative, and comfortable with things that are unfamiliar to them (such as a language that they cannot understand). I hope that young children learning a second language can feel confidence and pride in learning and maintaining a second language!! 















Tuesday, March 25, 2014

BLOG #9 Great Suggestions!

Analyzing research data is hard work but very rewarding. It can be overwhelming but the more it is read and reflected upon, the clearer the big picture becomes. I am noticing ways in which I would change a survey in the future. Asking open ended questions has generated important views and opinions. I enjoyed reading what people had to say! I think that conducting a survey through a comfortable interview process would yield even more knowledge and insight into people's views on bilingualism. 

 Do you feel that the language program at school is effective?



Yes5170%
No2230%

Since 61% of people indicated that their child studies a language other than English more than three times per week, I was not surprised to see that 70% of people feel that the language program at school is effective. This is not the data that I expected! I was not only sure that language classes weren't offered often enough but I was almost certain that language programs were not effective! I guess public opinion proved me wrong. I am still suspicious over these results and would be very interested in continuing this survey using a random population. I surveyed mostly bilingual people who more than likely invest in sending their children to schools with successful language programs. 

How do you think it could be improved?


My Child Likes...
  • learning games
  • learning songs
  • celebrating cultural traditions
  • eating and cooking different ethnic foods
  • celebrations
  • field trips
  • activities
  • art
  • cooperative play
  • hearing poems
  • looking at authentic artifacts from other countries
  • performing
  • taking part in plays
  • technology

Suggestions and Improvements
  • more practice with conversation
  • more frequent classes-3 times a week
  • more choices of what language my child can study
  • should be offered during the school and not only as an after school activity
  • more out of school activities such as field trips
  • incorporate learning a second language throughout the day and across the curriculum
  • less homework sent home
  • make more books available
  • more reading assignments
  • ask parents to come in and share culture, stories, and languages spoken at home
  • more parent involvement
  • more of a variety of languages offered
  • teach more than just counting in another language
  • more involvement of technology

Quality of Teaching and Program
  • teachers could try and get the kids more engaged in learning
  •  in middle school, language teachers are not proficient in the language that they teach the students
  • encourage my child in learning/speaking second language 
  • it is only an introductory program
  • it is only a language exploratory program that introduces three languages
  • more languages offered
  • hire bilingual teachers

It's Not Sticking
  • child isn't able to translate words into English
  • cannot remember lessons studied at school
  • only knows simple words and phrases

Bringing Knowledge Home
  • child sings songs that she has learned
  • is able to recall lessons
  • names object at home
  • must practice language at home 
  • at home, tries to speak the language he's learning at school

More Intensive Programs Wanted
  • I wish foreign languages started in preschool and continued from K-8
  • more partial and total immersion programs
  • long term retention would be feasible with more practice

Communication
  • better communication of what the expectations are

Wow! Parents are really good at giving suggestions! They know their children the best, of course, and are able to suggest what interests their child. I liked learning that children enjoy performing because this gave me so many ideas on how to incorporate a second language into the performances that students take part in throughout the year. 

I thought the most interesting piece of advice from the survey was to incorporate learning a second language throughout the day and across the curriculum. It sounds like some people are interested in partial and immersion programs :)

I taught at a charter school whose "sister school" was in Krakow, Poland. I taught my Kindergarteners some Polish. When the school owner would come visit my classroom, she was always pleased to be greeted in Polish. We sang "Jingle Bells" in Polish for the Christmas concert, said "Dziendobry" (good morning) to each other every morning and "Do widzenia" (until we see each other again) at the end of each day. I would also say things such as "come here" to them in Polish. Coincidentally, I am friends with the Kindergarten teacher in Poland so we had our classes keep in touch via Skype. This is a great way to incorporate technology! 

Does your child enjoy learning a second language?


Yes7195%
No45%



Children love to learn, we all know this. As long as the material is presented in an interesting and interactive way, then children's curiosity and enthusiasm for learning new things becomes evident. It was nice to see that 95% of children enjoy learning a second language!